martes, 10 de marzo de 2015

Descubren secuelas biológicas en los descendientes de los supervivientes del Holocausto nazi



Hasta ahora, se creía que las secuelas que pudieran quedar en una persona tras haber sido vejada en lugares tan cruelmente famosos como los campos de concentración nazis morían con la persona que las había sufrido. No obstante, un nuevo estudio realizado por la «Escuela de Medicina de Icahn en el Monte Sinaí» ha determinado que las experiencias traumáticas que vivieron miles de presos de los alemanes en la Segunda Guerra Mundial han dejado secuelas a nivel biológico en sus descendientes. Así lo afirma la revista Scientific American, la cual se ha hecho eco del estudio.

Concretamente, el equipo de expertos dirigidos por Rachel Yehuda (autora principal del estudio y experta en epigenética y en los efectos intergeneracionales del trauma) ha establecido que los descendientes de los supervivientes judíos de los campos de concentración sufren una alteración que hace que cuenten con un nivel más bajo de cortisol que el resto de sus compatriotas. Esta sustancia, que es sumamente escasa en los prisioneros que sobrevivieron al Holocausto (y que padecieron trastorno de estrés postraumático), es la que ayuda al cuerpo a volver a la normalidad después de algún tipo de trauma.



A día de hoy, se desconoce la causa biológica que produce la reducción de esta sustancia, aunque los expertos sospechan que podría relacionarse con la aparición en los supervivientes de una enzima que descompone el cortisol.

Ésta suele ser generada por el cuerpo como respuesta natural a una larga inanición, algo que encajaría perfectamente con las penurias sufridas por los presos judíos. Este hallazgo corrobora otros estudios que afirman que los efectos biológicos de las situaciones traumáticas quedan patentes durante toda la vida.

Yehuda afirma que este efecto podría transmitirse a través del útero. Y es que, es en esta zona del cuerpo donde podemos encontrar en gran medida esta enzima (la cual se halla posteriormente en la placenta con el objetivo de proteger al feto).

Esta curiosa evolución provoca, además que los descendientes de los supervivientes de los campos de concentración cuenten con diferentes tipos de hormonas de estrés, estén predispuestos a padecer diferentes trastornos como los que se relacionan con la ansiedad y sean más propensos a sufrir dolencias como estrés postraumático, obesidad, e hipertensión.

El equipo ha logrado llegar a estas conclusiones a través del estudio de multitud de supervivientes de aquel trauma masivo y, por descontado, de sus descendientes. Con todo, la experta considera que todavía quedan muchas horas de investigación para poder esclarecer todos los interrogantes que hay alrededor de este tema.

Vía| ABC

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